150 vaccines in the world in the Test: In this period you can expect with a Corona-Imstoff

A small peak could put the brakes on the Corona pandemic.

A vaccine is to press the number of the world’s 200,000 registered infections per day, tens of thousands Dead stop and as soon as possible to the people around the globe again, a life without great restrictions.

At the loved one immediately. In fact, the search for a vaccine at a record pace moving forward.

There are successes, so that vaccinated subjects can form in some cases, antibodies against the Virus. The proof that one of the substances also protects really is but still.

Experts confident in vaccine Tests

Within a very short time more than 150 projects, to consider such active ingredients started. Seven months after the outbreak of the pandemic will be tested according to the world health organization, WHO, already more than 20 potential vaccines on humans.

A few are even already in or shortly before the decisive Phase of the Tests. Experts are confident that there will be success in the vaccine candidate.

“It would be very bad luck, should all fail,” says Soumya Swaminathan, chief scientist of the WHO, in an interview with the German press Agency.

Forecast: 2021 several approved vaccines

It assumes that mid-2021 could be a vaccine on a larger scale. But even then, it must be clear, will be Vaccinated, probably only a block in the fight against the Virus.

“Yes, it is possible that we will have the beginning of 2021 results. So early in the new year, we might finally have a vaccine. Then he would have to be manufactured and mass produced. So, if we think very practically, then we could have mid-2021 about a vaccine that can be used on a broad Basis.

Of course, you can’t predict. If we assume that there is a ten percent Chance for each of the vaccine candidates, to be successful, it means that one or two vaccines could be successful – maybe even more,” said Soumya Swaminathan.

Sebastian Ulbert Fraunhofer Institute for cell therapy and immunology (IZI) predicts that there will be in the coming year, several approved vaccines.

It limits, however: “The large litter is not to be there but probably still in the process.”

To vaccinate at-risk groups most severely

The first means only certain groups should benefit from, about young, healthy people. “The high-risk groups at the Corona Virus, particularly the elderly, are also vaccinating the most difficult to.”

Your immune system often responds well to vaccinations. To all can be achieved, it’ll take even longer.

Although some manufacturers have submitted in the past few weeks, data, which, according to certain vaccine candidates stimulate in the human body, the formation of specific antibodies which inhibit at least in the laboratory, the multiplication of the virus.

So far, however, was demonstrated for a potential vaccine, that he really protects people against infection with Sars-CoV-2.

Hope on a successful test phase

For Phase III clinical trials are necessary. However, only one of the candidates, such a study is already running right. In the process, thousands of Volunteers get the vaccine.

After a few months you can then determine how many of these people have been infected compared to a control group.

“It is important to get efficacy data from controlled clinical trials. You need rates but high levels of infection”, explains Klaus Cichutek, President of the vaccine nationwide, to the competent Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI).

An important British study in Brazil

Ironically, in the UK and China, where there are projects with relatively large progress, is contained the Virus, but it is strong.

What to do? In fact, Phase III, held studies for two of these vaccine candidates are now in a country where the Virus is raging still: Brazil.

Particularly far, the British pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford. Together, they had at 20. June started to check on about 5,000 volunteers, the efficacy of your vaccine.

It is based on certain manipulated viruses that normally occur in monkeys. The study runs until July 2021, results are expected earlier.

Chinese, US and German companies on the rise

This Monday (20.7.) also wanted to start the Chinese pharmaceutical company Sinovac in Brazil, with a Test at almost 9000 employees in the health sector. Sinovac is committed to killed corona virus.

Other companies such as the US manufacturer Moderna are waiting in the wings.

German companies are also involved in vaccine research. The Mainz-based company Biontech presented recently in cooperation with the U.S. group Pfizer first encouraging data.

According To Booth (20.07.2020; 11.00 am), did the UK government has secured access to 90 million potential doses of the Vaccine in the fight against the Coronavirus. The Mainz-based company, Biontech, and the US company Pfizer with the United Kingdom signed the first agreement, the delivery to an in-development vaccine.

Subject to official authorization or approval to be delivered – likely to 2020 and 2021 – 30 million doses of the vaccine candidates, “BNT 162”, as the company reported on Monday

The tübingen-based company Curevac can save in front of volunteers for a first study. Both German companies are working on a so-called RNA vaccine.

Each approach has Strengths and weaknesses

If you speak with Fraunhofer researchers Ulbert on the various vaccine concepts, it can be easy to get confused. Although the goal is all the same: An immune response against the Coronavirus to be provoked, without actual infection has taken place.

As a result, a longer-term protection is to be created. However, each approach has Strengths according to Ulbert and weaknesses.

The of Sinovac approach used to splash with the help of chemicals, killed corona virus is likely to lead to the formation of antibodies that make the Virus especially efficient, harmless, explains to Ulbert.

However, killed virus have chemically also the disadvantage that they can not penetrate into the cells of the body. Thus, less Virus-specific T are formed-cells – which are also part of the immune response. In certain cases, but can be compensated with the help of additives.

Important: The T-Cell Immune Response

AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford try it in your vaccine in a different way. You have manipulated in chimpanzees occurring viruses so that they cannot multiply.

In addition, these viruses contain genetic material-snippets of Sars-CoV-2, which are then introduced into the cells of the body. Similar to DNA – and RNA-triggered vaccines, then an immune response.

It is unclear whether and how long a vaccine formed antibody to bring anything at all. Thus, several studies indicate that antibodies can disappear after an infection relatively quickly from the blood.

This is a vaccination the same way? And what that means for the protective effect? You watch the results very carefully, says Swaminathan by the WHO.

The fact that neutralizing disappear at the end of the anti-body does not mean, however, that the immunity was gone. There are reports that the cell – mediated immune response could be the T-cell response-that’s pretty important.

Regular Vaccination could be necessary

Also Ulbert in the immune response to T-cells. You could turn off infected cells in the mucous membranes directly and Sars-CoV-2 in the pharynx to combat, supported by antibodies.

On Thursday the media had reported that the vaccine of the University of Oxford and the group, AstraZeneca may also stimulate the formation of T-cells. It may well be that regular Vaccination will be necessary.

“It is very good that we have so many different approaches,” says WHO scientist Swaminathan.

Depending on your mechanism, you might be suitable for different population groups – such as older people, pregnant women, or children – well.

Deutsche Presse-Agentur (dpa)

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